Goal

The project aims to develop open-access analyses and tools to guide national and local antibiotic prescribing policies. Key objectives include developing a methodology for deriving AWaRe-based national antibiotic targets, AWaRe quality indicators, methodology for collecting antibiotic prescribing data in primary healthcare, and for estimating expected antibiotic use in hospital and primary care based on clinical burden.

Lead

Prof. Michael Sharland at City St George’s, University of London in collaboration with Dr. Koen Pouwels at Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science and Dr. Ben Cooper at Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health at the University of Oxford 

Collaborators

  • University of Oxford
  • University of Antwerp
  • Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
  • Mahidol Oxford Tropical Research Unit 
  • Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit
  • National University of Singapore
  • Kenya Medical Research Institute

Funder

The Wellcome Trust 

What we did

By integrating data on antibiotic use, resistance, clinical diagnoses, and outcomes, ADILA aims to guide empiric prescribing and antibiotic use targets based on the AWaRe system. The project has developed tools to support data-driven antibiotic use in primary healthcare and hospitals, as well as inform national policies. Together, these efforts promote more effective, locally relevant antibiotic use.

Key learnings

Ongoing

Outputs

ADILA has developed a range of outputs to support data-driven antibiotic use at national, primary healthcare, and hospital levels. Drawing on integrated data on antibiotic use, resistance, diagnoses, and outcomes, these resources help guide prescribing decisions, inform policy, and promote more effective antibiotic stewardship. See all the outputs below.

Explore our project outputs

ADILA: Observed and expected antibiotic use

Comparing Observed versus Expected Empiric Antibiotic Use in Hospitals

ADILA: APC-PPS

Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Healthcare Point Prevalence Survey (APC-PPS)

ADILA: CAP Systematic Review

Systematic review on clinical efficacy of amoxicillin for treatment of community acquired pneumonia

ADILA: What drives antibiotic prescribing in primary care?

Explaining variation in antibiotic prescribing for common infections: a three-way variance decomposition using UK primary care data (CPRD)

ADILA: Benchmarking AWaRe

Estimating optimal AWaRe antibiotic use for 186 countries based on infection and resistance burden

ADILA: Formulations

Using oral and parenteral formulation of AWaRe antibiotics as a proxy estimate of primary healthcare and inpatient hospital sector use

ADILA: Grey Group

Regulation of oral non-EML antibiotics

ADILA: Global pricing of AWaRe antibiotics

Global pricing of AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotics: implications of the UNGA-AMR 70% Access target on national pharmaceutical expenditure

ADILA: Quality Indicators

Development of AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic quality indicators for optimal use

ADILA: Antibiotic prescribing in private primary care in LMICs

AWaRe antibiotic prescribing for common acute infections in private primary care in low- and middle-income countries: a patient-level analysis using IQVIA prescriber surveys from Pakistan, Egypt, and Indonesia

ADILA: Target trial- Switching Empirical Treatment

Target trial- Switching Empirical Treatment

ADILA: Advancing monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trajectories using flexible spatiotemporal modelling

A change-point analysis

Standard treatment guidelines

Standard treatment guidelines

ADILA: Target trial- Cordant Treatment

Evaluating the impact of delayed concordant antibiotic treatment on 30-day mortality in patients with bloodstream infection in LMICs